Congress recently passed and the President signed into law the Small Business Reorganization Act of 2019. This Act will provide broader bankruptcy relief to individuals engaged in business with aggregate debts of $2,725,625 or less. This debt limit is subject to adjustment every three years.

In a bankruptcy, a commercial lender with a lien on collateral valued more than the debt can demand to be paid default interest provided in the loan only to be faced with an objection by the borrower or trustee that the default interest constitutes an “unenforceable penalty” under California Civil Code section 1671(b). A recent decision by the District Court for the Central District of California, however, holds that section 1671(b) does not apply to a default interest rate imposed upon maturity as a matter of law.

This week, Pacific Gas & Electric (“PG&E”), the state’s largest utility, filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the Northern District of California. PG&E claims over $50 billion in assets and $50 billion in liabilities, but has not yet filed the disclosures that identify its contract counterparties, creditors and other business partners who have an interest in its bankruptcy case.

It happens all too often: a company declares bankruptcy and then the company’s bank, vendors, or other creditors are forced to return a payment that the company made before declaring bankruptcy because the payment was a “fraudulent transfer” under the bankruptcy code. When that happens, the creditor typically files a proof of claim in the bankruptcy case to recover its payment. To succeed, the creditor must show that it provided some benefit to the debtor in exchange for its payment.

It happens all too often: a company declares bankruptcy and then the company’s bank, vendors, or other creditors are forced to return a payment that the company made before declaring bankruptcy because the payment was a “fraudulent transfer” under the bankruptcy code. When that happens, the creditor typically files a proof of claim in the bankruptcy case to recover its payment. To succeed, the creditor must show that it provided some benefit to the debtor in exchange for its payment.

One might assume that an individual debtor who makes false statements to a creditor respecting his future ability and willingness to pay a debt could not file for bankruptcy and then discharge any associated debts—especially where the creditor relied on the debtor’s statements to its detriment. As the United States Supreme Court recently decided, however, a debtor may do just that if his false statements respecting his financial condition are not made in writing.

While business bankruptcies have hit historic lows since the Great Recession, market developments and changes in the legal landscape suggest these numbers are due to rise. First, the statistics: The Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts (AOUSC) reports that a total of 789,020 bankruptcies were filed during the 12-month period ending December 31, 2017. Of that number, 23,157 were business bankruptcy filings.

Recently, the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals issued a ruling that overdraft payments advanced by Banks which are later repaid by their customer constitute preferential transfers under the Bankruptcy Code. In re Agriprocessors, Inc., involved a meat packing company which periodically overdrew its bank accounts, and the bank issued provisional credit to cover the overdrafts. The bank initially denominated those overdrafts as “intraday” overdrafts until the midnight settlement deadline, at which point they became “true” overdrafts.